Air compressors, especially those with capacities of 185 CFM or higher, are vital on construction sites for their power and versatility. However, misusing these tools by directing compressed air at the skin can lead to a rare but potentially fatal condition known as an air embolism. Understanding this risk is essential for every construction worker handling these powerful machines.
What is an Air Embolism?
An air embolism occurs when air enters the bloodstream, which can happen if compressed air is blown directly onto the skin and finds a way into a cut or other opening. This air can travel through veins and arteries, eventually reaching critical areas such as the brain, heart, or lungs. Once there, it can block blood vessels, disrupting blood flow—an event that can result in severe organ damage or even sudden death.
Why is an Air Embolism So Dangerous?
The danger of an air embolism lies in its ability to obstruct the vascular system, where even a small amount of air can be harmful. In the heart, air can prevent the effective pumping of blood, leading to cardiac arrest. In the brain, it can cause a stroke, leading to long-term disability or death. The rapid onset of symptoms and the severity of potential outcomes make this a particularly alarming hazard of improper air compressor use.
Preventative Measures
Proper Training
It’s crucial for all personnel to receive thorough training on the correct operation of air compressors. Understanding the risks, particularly the potential for creating an air embolism, is essential for safe use.
Avoid Direct Contact
Compressed air should never be used to clean clothing or skin. This practice is dangerous and can be easily avoided by adhering to proper safety protocols.
Use Protective Gear
Wearing protective gear, including goggles and ear protection, is a simple practice that protects against the most common injuries associated with air compressors, such as eye injuries and hearing damage.
Routine Maintenance
Regular inspections can identify potential hazards with air compressors and their attachments, preventing malfunctions or accidents that could lead to dangerous exposures.
Other Compressed Air Hazards on the Jobsite
- Hose whip. A hose that comes loose under pressure whips violently. Use safety clips or whip checks on every coupling.
- Flying debris. Air used to blow off surfaces throws chips and dust at high speed. Wear eye protection.
- Injection injuries. Air forced through the skin can look like a small wound and still be serious. Get medical attention right away.
- Noise. Breakers and blasting equipment are loud enough to damage hearing. Wear hearing protection.
Safe Practices Checklist
- Never point an air hose at yourself or another person, and never use it to clean clothing, hair or skin.
- For cleaning equipment, OSHA requires compressed air to be reduced to less than 30 PSI, with chip guarding and protective equipment.
- Inspect hoses, couplings and fittings before each shift and replace damaged ones.
- Shut off the air and release the pressure before disconnecting a hose or tool.
- No horseplay with air hoses. Most compressed air injuries start as a joke.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can compressed air really be fatal?
Yes. Air that enters the bloodstream can block blood flow to the heart, lungs or brain. It is rare, but it is the reason compressed air must never be directed at the body.
What pressure is allowed for cleaning with compressed air?
Less than 30 PSI at the nozzle, with chip guarding and personal protective equipment, according to OSHA rules for general industry.
What should I do if someone is injured by compressed air?
Treat it as an emergency and call for medical help immediately, even if the wound looks minor.
Conclusion
While indispensable in construction for their robust capabilities, air compressors must be handled with the utmost care to avoid severe injuries, particularly air embolisms. By understanding and respecting the power of these machines, and adhering to strict safety standards, construction workers can mitigate risks and maintain a safe working environment. IronPower Industries is committed to safety and ensure our practices reflect our responsibility to our co-workers and ourselves.
